Izinto ze-Silicones aziyona nje ingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yempahla entsha yemboni yamasu kazwelonke esafufusa, kodwa futhi iyimpahla esekelayo ebalulekile kwezinye izimboni zamasu asafufusa.

Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza, amandla amakhulu okufunwa enze ama-silicone abe enye yezinto zamakhemikhali ezaziwa kakhulu njengamanje.

Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-silicone yasekhaya isemikhakheni efana neyokwakha, i-electronics, ugesi namandla amasha, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Phakathi kwazo, inkambu yokwakha njengamanje iyisimo esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwe-silicone, ebalwa cishe ngama-30%.

Ngaphezu kokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sezinto zokwakha ze-silicone ezimbonini zendabuko, izimboni ezonga amandla nezokuvikela imvelo ezifana ne-photovoltaics namandla amasha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisafufusa ezifana nokwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kagesi we-ultra-high kanye ne-ultra-high. , izinto ezigqokekayo ezihlakaniphile, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, kanye ne-5G, konke kunikeza amaphuzu amasha okukhula adingekayo kuma-silicone.

Sibutsetelo Silicones

Ama-Silicones yigama elivamile le-silicon organic compounds, ehlanganiswa futhi ifakwe nge-hydrolyzed nge-silicon yensimbi ne-chloromethane.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhlanganiseni ama-silicone ukukhiqiza i-methylchlorosilane, ebuye ifakwe nge-hydrolyzed ukuthola i-monomethyltrichlorosilane, i-dimethyldichlorosilane, ne-trichlorosilane. I-Dimethyldichlorosilane iyinhlobonhlobo ye-monomer eyinhloko ye-silicon ephilayo, nemikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko engezansi irabha ye-silicone namafutha a-silicone.

Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza ama-silicone okukhulunywe ngawo e-China ngokuvamile abhekisela kumthamo wokukhiqiza we-methylchlorosilane, kuyilapho izibalo zokukhiqiza zamanje zonke zisekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-dimethylsiloxane.

I-Silicones industry chain

Uchungechunge lwezimboni ze-silicone luhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izixhumanisi ezine: izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone, ama-silicones monomers, ama-silicones intermediates, kanye nemikhiqizo yokucubungula ejulile ye-silicones. Kunamabhizinisi ambalwa okukhiqiza wezinto ezingavuthiwe, ama-monomers, nabaphakathi, kuyilapho ukucubungula okujulile komfula kuhilela inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo namandla okukhiqiza ahlakazekile.

Silicone izinto zokusetshenziswa

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yama-silicone ihilela ingxenye enkulu yezinto zokusetshenziswa. I-silicone impahla eluhlaza yimpushana ye-silicone yezimboni, elungiswa embonini ngokunciphisa i-quartz nge-coke esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicone yezimboni kudla inani elikhulu le-silicone ore namandla, futhi kubangela ukungcola okuphawulekayo kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukunikezwa okuzinzile nokusezingeni eliphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-silicone yezimboni sekube isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwama-silicone.

Ngokusho kwe-SAGSI, ngo-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza i-silicone yezimboni emhlabeni wonke wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.23, kanti amandla okukhiqiza eChina ayengamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.82, alinganiselwa ku-77.4%.

I-silicon

Ama-Silicone monomers kanye nabaphakathi

Ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kwama-silicones monomers kanye namaphakathi kubala ngaphezu kuka-50% yenani eliphelele lomhlaba, okuyenza ibe umphakeli omkhulu kunawo wonke wama-silicones monomers nabaphakathi emhlabeni. Ngenxa yesimo esingazinzile sama-silicones monomers, izinkampani ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ama-monomers abe okumaphakathi okufana ne-DMC (dimethylsiloxane) noma i-D4 ukuze ithengiswe.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kanye nokucaciswa kwama-silicones monomers kanye nabaphakathi.

I-Dimethyldichlorosilane njengamanje iyi-silicone monomer esetshenziswa kakhulu, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-90% yenani lesamba le-monomer.

Umkhawulo wokungena embonini ye-silicone uphezulu, okhuphuke waba amathani angu-200000 futhi udinga okungenani ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5 wokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Umkhawulo ophezulu wokungena embonini uzothuthukisa inkambiso yokugxilisa umthamo wokukhiqiza we-monomer kumabhizinisi ahamba phambili.

Njengamanje, zimbalwa kuphela izinkampani ezineqoqo elanele lobuchwepheshe futhi zazuza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu, okungaphezu kwama-90% amandla okukhiqiza asatshalaliswa phakathi kwamabhizinisi aphezulu ayi-11.

Ukugxila komthamo wokukhiqiza we-silicone monoma nakho kunikeza isikhala esanele sokuxoxisana samabhizinisi angezansi.

I-Dichlorodimethylsilane

Mayelana nokuhlinzekwa, amabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili e-silicone e-China anamaphrojekthi aqhubekayo noma izinhlelo ezintsha. Amandla amasha okukhiqiza azogxilwa ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2023, futhi amandla okukhiqiza embonini asezongena emjikelezweni wokwanda okusheshayo.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Baichuan Yingfu, izinkampani ezifana ne-Hesheng Silicon Industry, i-Yunnan Energy Investment, ne-Dongyue Silicon Materials zizotshala cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.025 zamandla okukhiqiza ama-silicone kulo nyaka. Izinkampani ezifana ne-New Special Energy, i-Asia Silicon Industry, kanye ne-Sichuan Yongxiang nazo zitshala imali kumthamo wokukhiqiza we-silicon ye-polycrystalline, okwenza ukwanda kwesidingo sama-silicone ezimbonini.

I-SAGSI ibikezela ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza aseShayina ama-silicones methyl monomers azokweqa amathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6/ngonyaka ngo-2025, okuzoba ngaphezu kuka-70% wamandla okukhiqiza omhlaba wama-silicones methyl monomers.

Ngokusho kwe-C&EN, i-Momentive, inkampani ehamba phambili ye-silicone yangaphandle ihlela ukuvala umthamo wayo wokukhiqiza ama-silicone e-Waterford, eNew York, okwenza i-Dow kube ukuphela komkhiqizi wama-silicone akhuphuka phezulu e-United States.

Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-silicone monomer womhlaba wonke udluliselwa e-China, futhi isilinganiso sokuhlushwa embonini sizoqhubeka sithuthuka esikhathini esizayo.

Ukucubungula okujulile kwama-silicones

Imikhiqizo ye-silicone ecutshunguliwe ejulile ivame ukuba khona kuhlobo lwe-molecular ye-RnSiX (4-n), futhi izici ezizinzile ze-physicochemical zeketango le-silicon kanye nokuhlukahluka kwamaqembu asebenzayo kunikeza imikhiqizo ye-silicone ecutshunguliwe ejulile ngemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa enothile. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko irabha ye-silicone namafutha abicah, ibalwa ku-66% no-21% ngokulandelanayo.

Njengamanje, imboni ejulile yokucubungula ama-silicones isesiteji sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, nemboni ehlakazekile. Kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-3,000 asebenza ngaphansi komfula asebenza ekucubunguleni i-silicone kuphela.

I-Olivia Factory Raw Material Tank

Ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo ye-silicone ecutshungulwe ngokujulile eChina:

Izinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle ze-silicone azinayo inzuzo yezindleko zokukhiqiza ama-silicone monomers uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani zaseShayina, futhi izinkampani eziningi ezihamba phambili zaphesheya kwezilwandle zigxile ekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo yokucubungula ejulile kanye nokwelula uchungechunge lwezimboni.

Izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza zaseChina embonini ye-silicone ziye zashintsha kancane kancane kusukela ekukhiqizeni i-monomer ukuya ekucutshungulweni okujulile kwemikhiqizo ye-silicone, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha ye-silicone, ukunwetshwa kwezinkambu ezintsha zokufaka isicelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga eliphelele lokusebenzisa.

I-silica

Imikhiqizo ye-Silicone engezansi inenani eliphezulu elengeziwe lomkhiqizo kanye namathemba okusetshenziswa kwemakethe. Njengamanje, kusekhona indawo ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa ekusetshenzisweni kwama-silicone ezimakethe ezisafufusa e-China nakwamanye amazwe.

I-Silicone

I-Polycrystalline Silicon