Izinto ze-silicone aziyona nje ingxenye ebalulekile embonini yezinto ezintsha embonini kazwelonke ethuthukayo, kodwa futhi ziyinto esekelayo ebalulekile kwezinye izimboni ezithuthukayo.

Njengoba ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinkambu zokusetshenziswa, amandla amakhulu okufunwa enze ama-silicone abe ngenye yezinto zamakhemikhali ezithandwa kakhulu njengamanje.

Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwama-silicone asekhaya isezindaweni ezifana nokwakha, izinto zikagesi, ugesi kanye namandla amasha, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kanye nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Phakathi kwazo, insimu yokwakha njengamanje iyindawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwama-silicone, ebalelwa cishe ku-30%.

Ngaphezu kokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sezinto ze-silicone ezimbonini zendabuko, izimboni zokonga amandla kanye nokuvikela imvelo ezifana ne-photovoltaics kanye namandla amasha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisafufusa ezifana nokwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kagesi ephezulu kakhulu kanye nephezulu kakhulu, izinto ezigqokwayo ezihlakaniphile, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, kanye ne-5G, konke kuhlinzeka ngamaphuzu amasha okukhula kwesidingo sama-silicone.

Ukubuka konke kwama-Silicone

Ama-silicone yigama elijwayelekile lamakhemikhali e-silicon organic, akhiqizwa futhi afakwe i-hydrolyzed yi-silicon yensimbi kanye ne-chloromethane.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenziwa kwama-silicone ukukhiqiza i-methylchlorosilane, bese i-hydrolyzed ukuthola i-monomethyltrichlorosilane, i-dimethyldichlorosilane, kanye ne-trichlorosilane. I-Dimethyldichlorosilane iyinhlobo eyinhloko yama-monomer ye-silicon ephilayo, kanti imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko engezansi iyirabha ye-silicone kanye namafutha e-silicone.

Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza ama-silicone okukhulunywe ngawo eShayina ngokuvamile abhekisela emandleni okukhiqiza e-methylchlorosilane, kuyilapho izibalo zokukhiqiza zamanje zonke zisekelwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-dimethylsiloxane.

Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-Silicone

Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-silicones luhlukaniswe kakhulu ngezixhumanisi ezine: izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicones, ama-silicone monomers, ama-silicone intermediates, kanye nemikhiqizo yokucubungula okujulile kwe-silicones. Kunamabhizinisi ambalwa okukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa, ama-monomers, kanye nama-intermediates, kuyilapho ukucubungula okujulile okungezansi kuhilela imikhiqizo eminingi kanye namandla okukhiqiza ahlakazekile.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-silicone ihilela ingxenye enkulu yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zama-silicone ziyimpuphu ye-silicone yezimboni, elungiswa embonini ngokunciphisa i-quartz ne-coke esithandweni sikagesi se-arc.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicone yezimboni kudla inani elikhulu le-silicone ore kanye namandla, futhi kubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile nokusezingeni eliphezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone yezimboni sekuyisiqiniseko esiyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-silicone.

Ngokusho kwe-SAGSI, ngo-2020, umthamo wokukhiqiza i-silicone yezimboni emhlabeni wonke wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.23, kanti umthamo wokukhiqiza waseShayina wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.82, okubalwa u-77.4%.

I-Silicon

Ama-monomer nama-intermediate e-Silicone

Ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kwama-monomer e-silicone nama-intermediate kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-50% esamba somhlaba wonke, okwenza kube umhlinzeki omkhulu wama-monomer e-silicone nama-intermediate emhlabeni. Ngenxa yesimo esingazinzile sama-monomer e-silicone, izinkampani ngokuvamile zenza ama-monomer abe ama-intermediate njenge-DMC (dimethylsiloxane) noma i-D4 ukuze ithengiswe.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kanye nezincazelo zama-silicone monomers kanye nama-intermediate.

I-Dimethyldichlorosilane okwamanje iyi-monomer ye-silicone esetshenziswa kakhulu, ebiza ngaphezu kwama-90% enani eliphelele le-monomer.

Umkhawulo wokungena embonini yama-silicone uphakeme, osukhushulwe wafinyelela kumathani angu-200000 futhi udinga okungenani ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5 okutshalwa kwezimali. Umkhawulo wokungena embonini ophezulu uzokhuthaza ukuthambekela kokugxila kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-monomer kumabhizinisi aholayo.

Njengamanje, inani elincane kuphela lezinkampani elinokuqongelela okwanele kobuchwepheshe futhi lifinyelele ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, kanti ngaphezu kwama-90% wamandla okukhiqiza asatshalaliswa phakathi kwamabhizinisi ayi-11 aphezulu.

Ukuqoqwa kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-silicone monomer nakho kunikeza isikhala esanele sokuxoxisana kwamabhizinisi angaphansi komfula.

I-Dichlorodimethylsilane

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlinzekwa, amabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili e-silicone eShayina anamaphrojekthi aqhubekayo noma izinhlelo ezintsha. Amandla okukhiqiza amasha azogxila ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2023, futhi amandla okukhiqiza embonini asezongena emjikelezweni wokukhula okusheshayo.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Baichuan Yingfu, izinkampani ezifana ne-Hesheng Silicon Industry, i-Yunnan Energy Investment, kanye ne-Dongyue Silicon Materials zizotshala cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.025 zamandla okukhiqiza ama-silicone kulo nyaka. Izinkampani ezifana ne-New Special Energy, i-Asia Silicon Industry, kanye ne-Sichuan Yongxiang nazo zitshala imali emandleni okukhiqiza ama-silicone e-polycrystalline, okwenza ukwanda kwesidingo sama-silicone ezimbonini kukhule.

I-SAGSI ibikezela ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza e-China ama-silicone methyl monomers azodlula amathani ayizigidi eziyi-6 ngonyaka ngo-2025, okwenza kube ngaphezu kwama-70% amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke ama-silicone methyl monomers.

Ngokusho kwe-C&EN, i-Momentive, inkampani ehamba phambili yama-silicone yangaphandle ihlela ukuvala amandla ayo okukhiqiza ama-silicone eWaterford, eNew York, okwenza i-Dow ibe ngumkhiqizi kuphela wezinto zokusetshenziswa zama-silicone ezisezingeni eliphezulu e-United States.

Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-silicones monomer womhlaba wonke udluliselwa eShayina, futhi isilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwemboni sizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo.

Ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwama-silicone

Imikhiqizo yama-silicone acutshungulwe ngokujulile ivame ukuba khona ngesimo sama-molecule se-RnSiX (4-n), futhi izakhiwo ezizinzile ze-physicochemical ze-silicon chain kanye nokuguquguquka kwamaqembu asebenzayo kunikeza imikhiqizo yama-silicone acutshungulwe ngokujulile imisebenzi ecebile yokusetshenziswa. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko i-silicone raber kanye ne-silicone oil, ebalelwa ku-66% kanye no-21% ngokulandelana.

Njengamanje, imboni yokucubungula okujulile kwama-silicone isesesigabeni sokuthuthuka okusheshayo, inemboni ehlakazekile. Kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 zokucubungula okujulile ezisebenza kuphela ekucubungulweni kwe-silicone.

Ithangi Lezinto Ezingavuthiwe Zefektri i-Olivia

Isakhiwo semikhiqizo ye-silicone ecutshungulwe ngokujulile eShayina:

Izinkampani ze-silicone zaphesheya kwezilwandle azinazo izinzuzo ezibizayo ekukhiqizeni ama-monomer e-silicone uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkampani zaseShayina, futhi iningi lezinkampani ze-silicone ezihamba phambili zaphesheya kwezilwandle zigxila ekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo yokucubungula ejulile kanye nokwandisa uchungechunge lwezimboni.

Izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza zaseShayina embonini yama-silicone ziye zashintsha kancane kancane kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwama-monomer kuya ekucutshungulweni okujulile kwemikhiqizo yama-silicone, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha yama-silicone, ukwandiswa kwezinkambu ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokusetshenziswa okuphelele.

I-Silica

Imikhiqizo ye-silicone esezansi inenani eliphakeme lomkhiqizo kanye namathuba okusetshenziswa emakethe. Njengamanje, kusenendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwe-silicone ezimakethe ezisafufusa eShayina nakwamanye amazwe.

I-Silicone

I-Polycrystalline Silicon