Cha lokhu ngeke kube yisicefe, ukwethembeka-ikakhulukazi uma uthanda izinto zenjoloba ezinwebekayo. Uma uqhubeka ufunda, uzothola cishe yonke into owake wafuna ukuyazi ngama-One-Part Silicone Sealants.
1) Lokho abayikho
2) Indlela yokwenza
3) Lapho zisetshenziswa khona
Isingeniso
Iyini ingxenye eyodwa ye-silicone sealant?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-sealants okwelapha ngamakhemikhali-i-Silicone, i-Polyurethane ne-Polysulfide eyaziwa kakhulu. Igama livela kumgogodla wama-molecule ahilelekile.
Umgogodla we-silicone uhlanganisa:
Si – O – Si – O – Si – O – Si
I-silicone eguquliwe ubuchwepheshe obusha (e-US okungenani) futhi empeleni isho umgogodla wemvelo owelashwe ngekhemikhali ye-silane. Isibonelo i-alkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Wonke lawa makhemikhali angaba ingxenye eyodwa noma izingxenye ezimbili okusobala ukuthi zihlobene nenani lezingxenye ozidingayo ukuze into ilulaphe. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye eyodwa imane isho ukuvula ishubhu, i-cartridge noma i-pail futhi impahla yakho izophulukisa. Imvamisa, lezi zinhlelo ezinengxenye eyodwa ziphendulana nomswakamo osemoyeni ukuze zibe irabha.
Ngakho-ke, i-silicone enengxenye eyodwa uhlelo oluzinzile eshubhuni kuze kube yilapho, lapho itholakala emoyeni, iphulukisa ukukhiqiza irabha ye-silicone.
Izinzuzo
Ingxenye eyodwa ye-silicone inezinzuzo eziningi eziyingqayizivele.
-Uma zihlanganiswa kahle zizinzile futhi zithembekile ngokunamathela okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba. Impilo yeshelufu(isikhathi ongayishiya eshubhuni ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa) okungenani unyaka owodwa ijwayelekile kanti okunye ukwakheka okuhlala iminyaka eminingi. Ama-Silicone futhi ngokungangabazeki anokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwesikhathi eside. Izakhiwo zazo ezibonakalayo azishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle komthelela wokuchayeka kwe-UV futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa okudlula okwamanye ama-sealant okungenani angama-50 ℃.
-Ingxenye eyodwa ye-silicone yelapheka ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile ikhulisa isikhumba phakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10, ikhululeka kungakapheli ihora elilodwa bese iphulukiswa kunjoloba enwebekayo cishe eyi-intshi engu-1/10 ngaphansi kosuku. Ingaphezulu linomuzwa omuhle werabha.
-Njengoba zingenziwa ziguquguquke okuyisici esibalulekile ngokwaso (i-translucent umbala osetshenziswa kakhulu), kulula kakhulu ukuwafaka umbala kunoma yimuphi umbala.
Ukulinganiselwa
Ama-Silicone anemikhawulo emibili eyinhloko.
I-1) Azikwazi ukupendwa ngopende oyisisekelo samanzi-kungaba nzima ngopende wesisekelo se-solvent futhi.
2) Ngemva kokwelapha, i-sealant ingakhulula enye yepulasitiki yayo ye-silicone okuthi, uma isetshenziswa endaweni ehlangene yokwandisa isakhiwo, ingakwazi ukudala amabala angabonakali emaphethelweni ahlangene.
Yiqiniso, ngenxa yemvelo yokuba ingxenye eyodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthola ingxenye ejulile esheshayo ngokwelashwa ngoba isistimu kufanele isabelane nomoya ngakho-ke ukwelapha kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Ukuthola okucaciswe kakhulu, ama-silicone awakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengophawu olulodwa kumafasitela engilazi avaliwe ngoba. Nakuba zinhle kakhulu ekugcineni amanzi amaningi awuketshezi ngaphandle, umhwamuko wamanzi udlula kalula kunjoloba ye-silicone elashiwe okwenza amayunithi e-IG abe nenkungu.
Izindawo zemakethe kanye nokusetshenziswa
Ama-silicone anengxenye eyodwa asetshenziswa cishe noma kuphi nanoma yikuphi, kuhlanganise, nokudumala kwabanye abanikazi bezakhiwo, lapho ukulinganiselwa okubili okukhulunywe ngenhla kubangela izinkinga.
Izimakethe zokwakha kanye nezimakethe ze-DIY zenza umthamo omkhulu olandelwa yizimoto, izimboni, zikagesi kanye ne-aerospace. Njengazo zonke izinsimbi, umsebenzi oyinhloko wengxenye eyodwa yama-silicone ukunamathela nokugcwalisa igebe phakathi kwama-substrates amabili afanayo noma ahlukene ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi noma okusalungiswa ukuthi kungangeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwakheka ngeke kushintshwe ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe kugeleze kakhudlwana lapho bese kuba unamathela. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-coating, i-adhesive kanye ne-sealant ilula. I-sealant ivala phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kanti okokunamathelayo kuvala futhi kuvikele eyodwa nje kuyilapho ingcina igcina izindawo ezimbili zihlangene. I-sealant ifana kakhulu ne-adhesive uma isetshenziselwa ukucwebezela kwesakhiwo noma ukucwebezela okungafakiwe, nokho, isasebenza ukuvala ama-substrates amabili ngaphezu kokuwagcina ehlangene.
I-Basic Chemistry
I-silicone sealant esimweni esingalashiwe ngokuvamile ibukeka njenge-paste ewugqinsi noma ukhilimu. Ekuchayekeni emoyeni, amaqembu esiphetho asebenzayo e-silicone polymer hydrolyze (asabelana namanzi) abese ehlangana, adedele amanzi futhi akhe amaketango amade e-polymer aqhubeka nokusabelana kuze kube yilapho unamathisela ephenduka irabha ekhangayo. Iqembu elisebenzayo ekugcineni kwe-silicone polymer livela engxenyeni ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakheka (ngaphandle kwe-polymer ngokwayo) okungukuthi i-crosslinker. I-crosslinker enikeza uphawu lwezimpawu zesici sayo ngokuqondile njengephunga kanye nezinga lokwelapha, noma ngokungaqondile njengombala, ukunamathela, njll. ngenxa yezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingasetshenziswa nezinhlelo ezithile zokuphambana ezifana nama-filler namaphromotha anamathelayo. . Ukukhetha i-crosslinker efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokunquma izakhiwo zokugcina ze-sealant.
Izinhlobo Zokwelapha
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlelo zokuphulukisa.
1) I-acetoxy (iphunga likaviniga elimuncu)
2) Oxime
3) Alkoxy
4) I-Benzamide
5) Amine
6) Aminoxy
Ama-Oximes, ama-alkoxies kanye nama-benzamide (asetshenziswa kakhulu e-Europe) yilawo okuthiwa amasistimu angathathi hlangothi noma angenayo i-asidi. Amasistimu we-amine kanye ne-aminoxy anephunga le-ammonia futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezimoto nezimboni noma izicelo ezithile zokwakha zangaphandle.
Ama-Raw material
Amafomula ahlanganisa izingxenye eziningana ezihlukene, ezinye zazo ezingezikhethelo, kuye ngokuthi kuhloswe ukusetshenziswa ekugcineni.
Okuwukuphela kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile yi-polymer esebenzayo kanye ne-crosslinker. Kodwa-ke, ama-filler, abagqugquzeli bokunamathela, i-polymer engasebenzi (i-plasticizing) kanye nama-catalysts cishe ayangezwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izithasiselo eziningi zingasetshenziswa njengama-paste ombala, ama-fungicides, ama-flame-retardants, nezinqamuli zokushisa.
Amafomula ayisisekelo
Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kwe-oxime noma ukwakheka kwe-DIY sealant kuzobukeka kanjena:
| % | ||
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-OH inqanyulwe i-50,000cps | 65.9 | I-polymer |
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-trimethylterminated, i-1000cps | 20 | I-Plasticizer |
| I-Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | I-Crosslinker |
| Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Umgqugquzeli wokunamathela |
| 150 sq.m/g indawo engaphezulu ye-silica evuthayo | 8 | Isigcwalisi |
| I-Dibutyltin iyancipha | 0.1 | I-Catalyst |
| Isamba | 100 |
Izakhiwo Zomzimba
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
| Ubude (%) | 550 |
| Amandla E-Tensile(MPa) | 1.9 |
| I-Modulus at 100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Shore A Ukuqina | 22 |
| Isikhumba Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (imizuzu) | 10 |
| Isikhathi samahhala se-Tack (amaminithi) | 60 |
| Isikhathi sokuklwebha (amaminithi) | 120 |
| NgeCure (mm emahoreni angama-24) | 2 |
Amafomula asebenzisa amanye ama-crosslinker azobukeka afana mhlawumbe ehlukile ezingeni le-crosslinker, uhlobo lomgqugquzeli wokunamathela kanye nama-catalysts okwelapha. Izakhiwo zabo ezingokomzimba zizohluka kancane ngaphandle uma kubandakanyeka amaketanga anwebekayo. Amanye amasistimu angeke enziwe kalula ngaphandle uma kusetshenziswe inani elikhulu lokugcwalisa ushoki. Lezi zinhlobo zokwakheka ngokusobala azikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngohlobo olucacile noma oluguquguqukayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ama-Sealants
Kunezigaba ezi-3 zokuthuthukisa i-sealant entsha.
1) Ukukhulelwa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu-amavolumu amancane kakhulu
Lapha, usokhemisi welebhu unemibono emisha futhi ngokuvamile uqala ngenqwaba yesandla engaba amagremu angu-100 we-sealant ukuze abone ukuthi yelapha kanjani nokuthi hlobo luni lwenjoloba olukhiqizwayo. Manje kukhona umshini omusha otholakalayo "I-Hauschild Speed Mix" evela ku-FlackTek Inc. Lo mshini okhethekile ulungele ukuxuba lawa maqoqo amancane we-100g ngemizuzwana ngenkathi ukhipha umoya. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba manje kuvumela umthuthukisi ukuthi ahlole izici ezibonakalayo zala maqoqo amancane. I-silica evuthayo noma amanye ama-filler afana noshoki abamanzi angaxutshwa ku-silicone cishe imizuzwana engu-8. Ukukhipha umoya kuthatha cishe imizuzwana engu-20-25. Umshini usebenza ngendlela ekabili ye-asymmetric centrifuge esebenzisa izinhlayiya ngokwazo njengezingalo zazo zokuhlanganisa. Usayizi omkhulu wengxube ungamagremu ayi-100 futhi kunezinhlobo zenkomishi ezimbalwa ezihlukene ezihlanganisa nokulahlwayo, okusho ukuthi akukho nhlobo ukuhlanzwa.
Okubalulekile enqubweni yokwakhiwa akuzona nje izinhlobo zezithako, kodwa futhi nokuhleleka kokwengeza kanye nezikhathi zokuxuba. Ngokwemvelo ukukhishwa noma ukususwa komoya kubalulekile ukuvumela umkhiqizo ukuba ube nesikhathi seshalofu, njengoba amabhamuza omoya equkethe umswakama ozobe usubangela ukuthi isivalo se-sealant selaphe ngaphakathi.
Uma usokhemisi esethole uhlobo lwesivalo esidingekayo esikalini sakhe sokufaka isicelo esifinyelela ku-1 quart planetary mixer engakhiqiza cishe amashubhu angu-3-4 amancane angu-110 ml (3oz). Lokhu kuyimpahla eyanele yokuhlola impilo yeshalofu nokuhlolwa kokunamathela kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile.
Ngemva kwalokho angase aye emshinini ongu-1 noma 2 wamagalani ukuze akhiqize amashubhu angu-8-12 10 oz ukuze athole ukuhlolwa okujulile nokuthatha amasampula kwamakhasimende. I-sealant ikhishwa ebhodweni ngesilinda sensimbi kukhatriji elilingana phezu kwesilinda sokupakisha. Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, usekulungele ukukhuphula izinga.
2) Isikali kanye nokulungisa kahle amavolumu amaphakathi
Ekukhuphukeni kwesikali, ukwakhiwa kwelebhu manje kukhiqizwa emshinini omkhudlwana ngokuvamile ebangeni lika-100-200kg noma mayelana nesigubhu. Lesi sinyathelo sinezinjongo ezimbili ezibalulekile
a) ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezibalulekile phakathi kosayizi ongu-4 lb kanye nalo sayizi omkhulu ongabangelwa amazinga okuxutshwa nokuhlakazeka, amazinga okusabela kanye namanani ahlukene we-sheer in the mix, kanye
b) ukukhiqiza impahla eyanele ukusampula abangaba amakhasimende kanye nokuthola impendulo yangempela yasemsebenzini.
Lo mshini ongamalitha angama-50 uwusizo kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezimboni lapho kudingeka umthamo ophansi noma imibala ekhethekile futhi cishe isigubhu esisodwa sohlobo ngalunye sidinga ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini yokuxuba. Okubili okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu izixube zeplanethi (njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla) kanye nezihlakaniphi zesivinini esikhulu. Iplanethi ilungele ukuxutshwa kwe-viscosity ephakeme kuyilapho i-disperser isebenza kangcono ikakhulukazi kumasistimu aphansi agelezayo e-viscosity. Kuma-sealant okwakha ajwayelekile, noma yimuphi umshini ungasetshenziswa inqobo nje uma umuntu enaka isikhathi sokuxuba kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okungaba khona kwesihlakazeka sesivinini esikhulu.
3) Inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza
Ukukhiqizwa kokugcina, okungenzeka kube inqwaba noma okuqhubekayo, ngethemba ukuthi kuzovele kukhiqize kabusha ukwakheka kokugcina ukusuka esinyathelweni sokukhuphuka. Ngokuvamile, inani elincane uma kuqhathaniswa (amaqoqo ama-2 noma ama-3 noma amahora angu-1-2 okuqhubekayo) kukhiqizwa kuqala emishinini yokukhiqiza futhi ihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa okuvamile.
Ukuhlola -Yini Futhi Ukuhlola Kanjani.
Ini
Izakhiwo Zomzimba-Ukwelulwa, Amandla Aqinile kanye neModulus
Ukunamathela ku-substrate efanele
Ukuphila Kweshelufu-kokubili kusheshisiwe futhi kuzinga lokushisa lekamelo
Yelapha Amanani-Isikhumba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Tack isikhathi samahhala, Isikhathi Sokunwaya kanye Nokwelapha, Imibala Yezinga Lezinga Lokushisa Ukuzinza noma ukuzinza kuketshezi oluhlukahlukene olufana nowoyela
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile ziyahlolwa noma zibhekwe: ukungaguquguquki, iphunga eliphansi, ukubola nokubukeka okuvamile.
Kanjani
Ishidi le-sealant liyakhishwa futhi liyekwe ukuze liphulukiswe isonto lonke. Kube sekusikwa insimbi ekhethekile eyisimungulu bese ifakwa ku-Tensile Tester ukuze kukalwe izici ezibonakalayo ezifana nobude, i-modulus namandla aqinile. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukukala amandla okunamathela/okubumbana kumasampula alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Ukuhlola okulula kokunamathela kuka-yebo-cha kwenziwa ngokudonsa ubuhlalu bezinto ezilapheka kuma-substrates okukhulunywa ngawo.
Imitha ye-Shore-A ikala ubulukhuni benjoloba. Le divayisi ibukeka njengesisindo negeji enephuzu elicindezela isampula eselashiwe. Lapho iphuzu lingena kakhulu kwirabha, irabha ithambile futhi lehla inani. I-sealant yokwakha ejwayelekile izoba ku-15-35 ububanzi.
Isikhumba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhathi zamahhala nezinye izilinganiso zesikhumba ezikhethekile zenziwa ngomunwe noma ngamashidi epulasitiki anesisindo. Isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ipulasitiki ikhishwe ngokuhlanzekile iyalinganiswa.
Ngesikhathi seshalofu, amashubhu e-sealant ayaguga kungaba ekamelweni lokushisa (okuyinto ngokwemvelo ethatha unyaka ongu-1 ukufakazela impilo yeshelufu yonyaka ongu-1) noma emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, ngokuvamile angu-50℃ amaviki angu-1,3,5,7 njll. Ukulandela ukuguga inqubo (ishubhu elivunyelwe ukupholisa esimweni esisheshayo), impahla ikhishwa epayipini bese idonswa eshidini lapho ivunyelwe khona ukuphulukisa. Izici ezibonakalayo zerabha ezakhiwe kulawa mashidi zihlolwa njengangaphambili. Lezi zakhiwo zibe seziqhathaniswa nalezo zezinto ezisanda kuhlanganiswa ukuze kunqunywe isikhathi esifanele seshelufu.
Incazelo enemininingwane ecacile yokuhlola okuningi okudingekayo ingatholakala kubhukwana le-ASTM.
Amanye Amathiphu Okugcina
Ama-silicone anengxenye eyodwa angama-sealant ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu atholakalayo. Zinayo imikhawulo futhi uma izidingo ezithile zifunwa zingathuthukiswa ngokukhethekile.
Kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa zomile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubunjwa kuzinzile nokuthi umoya uyasuswa ekukhiqizeni.
Ukuthuthukisa nokuhlola kuyinqubo efanayo yanoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitywini kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iluhlobo luni-qiniseka ukuthi uhlole yonke impahla okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwenza amanani okukhiqiza nokuthi unokuqonda okucacile kwezidingo zesicelo.
Ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, ikhemistri yokwelapha efanele ingakhethwa. Isibonelo, uma i-silicone ikhethiwe futhi iphunga, ukugqwala nokunamathela akubhekwa njengokubalulekile kodwa izindleko eziphansi ziyadingeka, khona-ke i-acetoxy iyindlela yokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, uma izingxenye zensimbi ezingase zigqwalile zihilelekile noma ukunamathela okukhethekile epulasitiki kuyadingeka ngombala ocwebezelayo oyingqayizivele udinga i-oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Ama-Silicon Compounds: AmaSilane namaSilicone [M]. I-Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Isithombe esivela ku-OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-31-2024
