Cha lokhu ngeke kube yinto eyisicefe, ngokweqiniso - ikakhulukazi uma uthanda izinto zerabha ezinwebekayo. Uma uqhubeka ufunda, uzothola cishe konke obekufisa ukukwazi mayelana nezivalo ze-One-Part Silicone.
1) Lokho abayikho
2) Indlela yokuzenza
3) Lapho ungazisebenzisa khona
Isingeniso
Iyini i-silicone sealant enengxenye eyodwa?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-sealant eziphilisa ngamakhemikhali - i-Silicone, i-Polyurethane kanye ne-Polysulfide yizona ezaziwa kakhulu. Leli gama livela emgogodleni wama-molecule ahilelekile.
Umgogodla we-silicone uwukuthi:
Si – O – Si – O – Si – O – Si
I-silicone eguquliwe ubuchwepheshe obusha (okungenani e-US) futhi empeleni isho umgogodla we-organic ophulukiswa nge-silane chemistry. Isibonelo yi-alkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zamakhemikhali zingaba yingxenye eyodwa noma ezimbili okusobala ukuthi zihlobene nenani lezingxenye ozidingayo ukuze into ilashwe. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye eyodwa isho nje ukuvula ithubhu, ikhatriji noma ibhakede bese izinto zakho zizolashwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlelo zengxenye eyodwa zisabela nomswakama emoyeni zibe irabha.
Ngakho-ke, i-silicone enengxenye eyodwa iyisistimu ezinzile epayipini kuze kube yilapho, lapho ithola umoya, iphola ikhiqize irabha ye-silicone.
Izinzuzo
Ingxenye eyodwa yama-silicone inezinzuzo eziningi eziyingqayizivele.
-Uma zihlanganiswe kahle zizinzile futhi zithembekile, zinamathela kahle kakhulu futhi zinezakhiwo zomzimba. Isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini (isikhathi ongasishiya epayipini ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa) okungenani unyaka owodwa sivamile, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlala iminyaka eminingi. Ama-silicone nawo asebenza kahle kakhulu isikhathi eside. Izakhiwo zawo zomzimba azishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle komphumela ovela ekuchayweni yi-UV futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokushisa okungaphezu kokwamanye ama-sealant okungenani ngo-50℃.
-Ingxenye eyodwa yama-silicone iphola ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ikhula isikhumba phakathi nemizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10, ikhululeke phakathi nehora elilodwa bese iqina ibe yirabha enwebekayo engaba yi-1/10 intshi ukujula esikhathini esingaphansi kosuku. Ubuso bunomuzwa omuhle njengerabha.
-Njengoba zingenziwa zikhanye okuwuphawu olubalulekile ngokwazo (ukukhanya okukhanyayo yiwona umbala osetshenziswa kakhulu), kulula kakhulu ukuzishintsha umbala ukuze zifane nanoma yimuphi umbala.
Ukulinganiselwa
Ama-silicone anemikhawulo emibili eyinhloko.
1) Azikwazi ukupendwa ngopende oyisisekelo samanzi - kungaba nzima nangopende oyisisekelo se-solvent.
2) Ngemva kokupholisa, i-sealant ingakhipha enye ye-silicone plasticizer yayo, lapho isetshenziswa endaweni yokwandisa isakhiwo, ingadala amabala angathandeki eceleni komphetho we-joint.
Vele, ngenxa yemvelo yokuba yingxenye eyodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthola ingxenye ejulile ngokushesha ngokulungiswa ngoba uhlelo kufanele luphendule nomoya ngakho-ke lucwebezela kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Uma lucacisiwe kancane, ama-silicone awakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengophawu olulodwa emafasiteleni engilazi avikelwe ngoba. Nakuba emuhle kakhulu ekugcineni amanzi amaningi angangeni, umhwamuko wamanzi udlula kalula ngerabha ye-silicone elungisiwe okwenza amayunithi e-IG abe nenkungu.
Izindawo Zemakethe Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo
Ama-silicone ayingxenye eyodwa asetshenziswa cishe noma kuphi nakuzo zonke izindawo, okuhlanganisa, nokudumaza abanye abanikazi bezakhiwo, lapho imikhawulo emibili okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ibangela izinkinga.
Izimakethe zokwakha neze-DIY zibala inani elikhulu elilandelwa yizimoto, izimboni, ama-elekthronikhi kanye nezindiza. Njengazo zonke izinto zokuvala, umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-silicone ayingxenye eyodwa ukunamathela nokugcwalisa igebe phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezifanayo noma ezingafani ukuvimbela amanzi noma ama-draft ukuthi angangeni. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela yokwenza izinto ngeke ishintshwe ngaphandle kokuyenza igeleze kalula bese iba yingubo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwengubo, i-glue kanye ne-sealant ilula. I-sealant ivala phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kanti ingubo imboza futhi ivikele eyodwa kuphela kuyilapho i-glue igcina izindawo ezimbili ndawonye kakhulu. I-sealant ifana kakhulu ne-glue uma isetshenziswa ekubunjweni kwesakhiwo noma ekubunjweni okufakwe i-insulation, noma kunjalo, isasebenza ukuvala izinto ezimbili ngaphezu kokuzigcina ndawonye.
I-Chemistry Eyisisekelo
I-silicone sealant esimweni esingakapheki ivame ukubukeka njenge-paste noma ukhilimu ojiyile. Lapho ingena emoyeni, amaqembu okugcina asabelayo e-silicone polymer aya-hydrolyze (asabela namanzi) bese ehlangana, ekhulula amanzi futhi akhe amaketanga amade e-polymer aqhubeka nokusabelana kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni i-paste iphenduka irabha ehlaba umxhwele. Iqembu elisabelayo ekugcineni kwe-silicone polymer livela engxenyeni ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakheka (ngaphandle kwe-polymer uqobo) okungukuthi i-crosslinker. Yi-crosslinker enikeza i-sealant izici zayo ezihlukile ngokuqondile njengephunga kanye nesivinini sokwelapha, noma ngokungaqondile njengombala, ukunamathela, njll. ngenxa yezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingasetshenziswa nezinhlelo ezithile ze-crosslinker ezifana nama-filler kanye nama-adhesion promoters. Ukukhetha i-crosslinker efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokunquma izakhiwo zokugcina ze-sealant.
Izinhlobo Zokwelapha
Kunezinhlelo eziningana ezahlukene zokulungisa.
1) I-Acetoxy (iphunga likaviniga elino-asidi)
2) I-Oxime
3) I-Alkoxy
4) I-Benzamide
5) I-Amine
6) I-Aminoxy
Ama-oxime, ama-alkoxies nama-benzamides (asetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu) yizinhlelo ezibizwa ngokuthi ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezingezona ezi-acidic. Izinhlelo zama-amine nama-aminoxy zinephunga le-ammonia futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezimoto nezimboni noma ezindaweni ezithile zokwakha zangaphandle.
Ama-Raw material
Ama-formulations aqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezahlukene, ezinye zazo ezingakhethwa, kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswe ini ekugcineni.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu kuphela yi-reactive polymer kanye ne-crosslinker. Kodwa-ke, ama-filler, ama-adhesive promoters, i-non-reactive (plasticizing) polymer kanye nama-catalysts cishe ayengezwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izithasiselo eziningi zingasetshenziswa njenge-color pastes, ama-fungicides, ama-flame-retardants, kanye nama-heat stabilizers.
Ukwakheka Okuyisisekelo
Ukwakhiwa okuvamile kwe-oxime noma ukwakheka kwe-DIY sealant kuzobukeka kanje:
| % | ||
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, OH iphelelwe yisikhathi ngama-cps angu-50,000 | 65.9 | I-Polymer |
| I-Polydimethylsiloxane, i-trimethyl eqediwe, i-1000cps | 20 | I-Plasticizer |
| I-Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | I-Crosslinker |
| I-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Umgqugquzeli wokunamathela |
| I-silica evuthayo engu-150 sq.m/g | 8 | Isigcwalisi |
| I-Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.1 | I-Catalyst |
| Isiyonke | 100 |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
Izakhiwo ezivamile zomzimba zifaka:
| Ukwelulwa (%) | 550 |
| Amandla Okudonsa (MPa) | 1.9 |
| I-Modulus ku-100 Elongation (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Ukuqina Kogu lolwandle | 22 |
| Isikhumba Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi (iminithi) | 10 |
| Isikhathi Sokukhululeka (iminithi) | 60 |
| Isikhathi Sokuklwebha (iminithi) | 120 |
| Ngokusebenzisa Ukwelapha (mm emahoreni angama-24) | 2 |
Ama-formulations asebenzisa amanye ama-crosslinkers azobukeka afanayo mhlawumbe ahluke ezingeni le-crosslinker, uhlobo lwe-adhesive adhesion kanye nama-curing catalysts. Izakhiwo zawo zomzimba zizohluka kancane ngaphandle kokuthi kuhileleke ama-chain extenders. Ezinye izinhlelo azikwazi ukwenziwa kalula ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswe inani elikhulu le-chalk filler. Lezi zinhlobo zama-formulations ngokusobala azikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngohlobo olucacile noma olukhanyayo.
Ukuthuthukisa Izivalo Zokuvala
Kunezigaba ezintathu zokuthuthukisa i-sealant entsha.
1) Ukukhulelwa, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlolwa elabhorethri - imiqulu emincane kakhulu
Lapha, isazi semithi yelabhorethri sinemibono emisha futhi ngokuvamile siqala ngeqoqo lesandla elingamagremu ayi-100 e-sealant ukuze sibone ukuthi yelapheka kanjani nokuthi hlobo luni lwerabha olukhiqizwayo. Manje sekukhona umshini omusha otholakalayo "I-Hauschild Speed Mix" evela ku-FlackTek Inc. Lo mshini okhethekile ulungele ukuxuba lawa maqoqo amancane angama-100g ngemizuzwana ngenkathi ukhipha umoya. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba manje kuvumela unjiniyela ukuthi ahlole ngempela izakhiwo zomzimba zala maqoqo amancane. I-silica efumile noma ezinye izigcwalisi ezifana nama-chalk abekwe ngaphambili zingaxutshwa kwi-silicone ngemizuzwana engaba ngu-8. Ukususa umoya kuthatha cishe imizuzwana engama-20-25. Umshini usebenza ngendlela ye-centrifuge mechanism ephindwe kabili engalingani esebenzisa ngokuyisisekelo izinhlayiya ngokwazo njengezingalo zazo zokuxuba. Usayizi omkhulu wokuxuba ungamagremu ayi-100 futhi kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zendebe ezitholakalayo kufaka phakathi ezilahlwayo, okusho ukuthi akukho nhlobo ukuhlanza.
Okubalulekile enqubweni yokwakheka akuzona nje izinhlobo zezithako, kodwa futhi nohlelo lokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa izikhathi. Ngokwemvelo ukukhishwa noma ukususwa komoya kubalulekile ukuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi uhlale isikhathi eside, njengoba amabhamuza omoya aqukethe umswakama ozokwenza ukuthi i-sealant iphole ngaphakathi.
Uma isazi semithi sesithole uhlobo lwe-sealant oludingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuthile, linganisa kuze kufike ku-1 quart planetary mixer engakhiqiza cishe amashubhu amancane angu-3-4 angu-110 ml (3oz). Lokhu kwanele ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuphila kweshelufu kanye nokuhlolwa kokunamathela kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile.
Angase aye emshinini ongamagaloni angu-1 noma amabili ukuze akhiqize amashubhu angu-8-12 10 oz ukuze ahlolwe kabanzi futhi athole amasampula amakhasimende. I-sealant ikhishwa ebhodweni ngesilinda sensimbi iye kukhatriji elingana nesilinda sokupakisha. Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, ulungele ukukhuliswa.
2) Ukwandisa nokulungisa kahle amavolumu aphakathi
Ekukhuphukeni kwesilinganiso, ifomula yelebhu manje ikhiqizwa emshinini omkhulu ngokuvamile ongaba ngu-100-200kg noma cishe ngesigubhu. Lesi sinyathelo sinezinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
a) ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezibalulekile phakathi kosayizi ongu-4 lb kanye nosayizi omkhulu ongabangelwa amazinga okuxuba nokuhlakazeka, amazinga okusabela kanye namanani ahlukene okukhanya okuxubile, kanye
b) ukukhiqiza izinto ezanele zokuthola amasampula kumakhasimende angaba khona nokuthola impendulo yangempela emsebenzini.
Lo mshini ongamagaloni angu-50 uwusizo kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezimboni lapho kudingeka khona umthamo ophansi noma imibala ekhethekile futhi kudingeka ukuthi kukhiqizwe cishe isigubhu esisodwa sohlobo ngalunye ngesikhathi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini yokuxuba. Ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ama-planetary mixers (njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla) kanye nama-high-speed disperser. I-planetary ilungele ama-viscosity mixes aphezulu kanti i-disperser isebenza kangcono ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezigeleza kalula. Ezindaweni ezivamile zokwakha, noma yimuphi umshini ungasetshenziswa inqobo nje uma umuntu enaka isikhathi sokuxuba kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okungenzeka kwe-high speed disperser.
3) Inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza
Ukukhiqizwa kokugcina, okungaba yi-batch noma okuqhubekayo, ngethemba ukuthi kuzomane kukhiqize ifomula yokugcina kusukela esinyathelweni sokukhulisa. Ngokuvamile, inani elincane kakhulu (ama-batch ama-2 noma ama-3 noma amahora angu-1-2 okuqhubekayo) lezinto ezikhiqizwa kuqala emishinini yokukhiqiza bese kuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa okuvamile.
Ukuhlola - Yini kanye Nokuthi Ungakuhlola Kanjani.
Ini
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo - Ukwandiswa, Amandla Okudonsa kanye neModulus
Ukunamathela ku-substrate efanele
Impilo Yeshelufu - isheshisiwe futhi isezingeni lokushisa legumbi
Amazinga Okwelapha - Isikhumba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Isikhathi Sokukhuhla, Isikhathi Sokuklwebha kanye Nokwelapha, Imibala Ukuqina noma ukuzinza koketshezi oluhlukahlukene njengamafutha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ezibalulekile ziyahlolwa noma ziyabonwa: ukuqina, iphunga eliphansi, ukugqwala kanye nokubukeka okuvamile.
Kanjani
Kukhishwa ishidi le-sealant bese lishiywa lipholile isonto lonke. Insimbi ekhethekile eyisiphukuphuku iyasikwa bese ifakwa ku-Tensile Tester ukuze kulinganiswe izakhiwo zomzimba ezifana nokunwebeka, i-modulus kanye namandla okudonsa. Zisetshenziswa futhi ukukala amandla okunamathela/okuhlangana kumasampula alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Ukuhlolwa okulula kokunamathela kwe-yebo-cha kwenziwa ngokudonsa ubuhlalu bezinto ezifakwe kuma-substrate okukhulunywa ngawo.
Imitha ye-Shore-A ilinganisa ubulukhuni berabha. Le divayisi ibukeka njengesisindo kanye negeyiji enephuzu elicindezelwayo kusampula elungisiwe. Lapho iphuzu lingena kakhulu erabha, irabha ithambile futhi inani liyancipha. I-sealant evamile yokwakha izoba sebangeni eliyi-15-35.
Isikhumba ngezikhathi ezithile, izikhathi zokungabi nalutho kanye nezinye izilinganiso ezikhethekile zesikhumba zenziwa ngomunwe noma ngamashidi epulasitiki anesisindo. Isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ipulasitiki idonswe kahle siyalinganiswa.
Ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside eshalofini, amashubhu e-sealant agcinwa ekushiseni kwegumbi (okuthatha unyaka owodwa ukufakazela isikhathi eside sokuphila eshalofini) noma ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuvame ukuba ngu-50℃ amasonto angu-1, 3, 5, 7 njll. Ngemva kwenqubo yokuguga (ishubhu ivunyelwe ukupholisa esimweni esisheshisiwe), izinto ziyakhishwa eshubhu bese zidonswa eshidini lapho zivunyelwe khona ukupholisa. Izakhiwo zomzimba zerabha ezakhiwe kula mashidi ziyahlolwa njengakuqala. Lezi zakhiwo zibe seziqhathaniswa nezezinto ezisanda kuhlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale isikhathi esifanele sokuphila eshalofini.
Incazelo eningiliziwe eningiliziwe yezivivinyo eziningi ezidingekayo ingatholakala encwadini yesandla ye-ASTM.
Amanye Amathiphu Okugcina
Ama-silicone ayingxenye eyodwa ayizinto zokuvala ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezitholakalayo. Anemikhawulo futhi uma kudingeka izidingo ezithile angathuthukiswa ngokukhethekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa zomile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwakheka kuzinzile nokuthi umoya uyasuswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Ukwakha nokuhlola ngokuyisisekelo inqubo efanayo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye eyodwa yokuvala kungakhathaliseki uhlobo - vele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlole yonke impahla engenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwenza inani lokukhiqiza nokuthi uyaqonda kahle izidingo zesicelo.
Kuye ngezidingo zokufaka isicelo, ikhemistri efanele yokwelapha ingakhethwa. Isibonelo, uma kukhethwa i-silicone futhi iphunga, ukugqwala kanye nokunamathela kungabhekwa njengokubalulekile kodwa kudingeka izindleko eziphansi, khona-ke i-acetoxy iyindlela okufanele ilandelwe. Kodwa-ke, uma izingxenye zensimbi ezingase zigqwale zihilelekile noma kudingeka ukunamathela okukhethekile epulasitikini ngombala ocwebezelayo oyingqayizivele khona-ke udinga i-oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Ama-Silicon Compounds: Ama-Silane nama-Silicone [M]. I-Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Isithombe esivela ku-OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-31-2024
